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【转载】[原创] 斯京巧遇滚轮桥钢铁巨龙竞癫狂(30P)

2014-09-21 05:12:25| 分类：默认分类 | 标签： |举报 |字号大中小订阅

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本文转载自路人@行者《[原创] 斯京巧遇滚轮桥钢铁巨龙竞癫狂(30P)》

　　行走在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩Stockholm，路人竟然巧遇了并列的一座滚轮型铁路开启桥和一座竖旋型公路开启桥Danviksbron bridge同时开启的壮观场面。开启桥Movable Bridge亦称活动桥、开合桥，是为通航需要，桥身能以竖旋、平旋、提升等方式开合的桥梁。适用于桥上交通不甚繁忙、同时桥下须通行高大船只的河道或港口，优点是墩台较低因而能减少两岸引桥和路堤的工程量，缺点是需要增加机械维修费用。开启桥的活动方式包括：一类是桥跨结构和桥面在桥轴线所在竖直平面内移位(包括水平移位和转动移位)，如伦敦塔桥；二类是桥跨结构和桥面顺桥纵向轴线方向移位(包括折叠移位和伸缩移位)，如德国基尔城跨越霍恩河基尔一霍恩三段折叠人行开启桥；三类是桥跨结构和桥面在桥轴线所在水平面内旋转，如天津金汤桥；四类则是桥跨结构和桥面整体的旋转面垂直于纵向桥轴线，如英国东盖茨黑德地区盖茨黑德千禧桥。

　　danviksbron或danviksbro("Danvik Bridge")位于斯德哥尔摩市中心，桥下为hammarbykanalen运河。这座桥实际上是两个独立的桥梁，包括Saltsjobanan铁路桥和一座公路桥。In 1922, a railway viaduct built in 1893 was demolished together with the old bridge, both replaced by a single leaf bascule bridge with its concrete counterweight hanging over the 14 metres wide roadway shared by trains and vehicles. On the eastern side of the canal a concrete viaduct connected to the bridge, and the bridge's load-carrying steel trusses left a horizontal clearance of 12,5 metres for the ships below.To deal with increasing post-WW2 traffic loads, the capacity of the bridge was increased in 1956 by adding a new bridge south of and parallel to the old, the two structures separated by less than a metre. The new bridge was 22,2 metres wide, of which 14 metres were used by vehicles, and 5 metres for bicycles and pedestrians, which effectively left the trains and bicyclists have the old bridge for themselves. A single leaf bascule bridge was chosen this time to, but this time having in mind that the canal was prospected to be widened, which would hopefully be done easily by adding more bridge to the present unaltered structure.By the 1970s traffic had increased enough again to motivate a redevelopment of the traffic system surrounding the bridge and the enlargement of the bridge itself. This was simply done 1973-1977 by replacing one of the open web girders for a steel girder underlying the deck, thus giving space for additional cantilevering roadways.There are plans to a new high double track tramway bridge, carrying the Saltsj?banan, which will be redefined from railway to tramway. Rising cost estimates (now about 3 bn SEK) have delayed the construction start.

吊桥Drawbridge：这个在古代城池的护城河上随处可见！
后印象派画家梵高著名的《阿尔的吊桥》，参见博文《[名作鉴赏] 后印象派大师梵高笔下的桥梁(31P)》

竖旋桥Bascule bridge：英国的伦敦塔桥
参见博文《[组图] 地标建筑逢庆典伦敦塔桥呈幻境(15P)》

滚轮桥Rolling bascule bridge：Rolling lift Pegasus Bridge over the Caen Canal, Normandy, France

折叠桥Folding bridge：德国基尔-霍恩桥(Hoernbridge)

卷曲桥Curling bridge：伦敦大运河人行桥(Paddington Rolling Bridge)
参见博文《[美图] 人行天桥好眩酷沟通交流更精彩(24P)》

升降桥Vertical-lift bridge：天津塘沽海门大桥

顶升桥Table bridge：Pont levant Notre Dame at Tournai in Belgium

开合桥（推力桥）Retractable bridge(Thrust bridge)：Helix Bridge at Paddington Basin in London
参见博文《[组图] 功能形式巧统一创意酷炫螺旋桥(13P)》

潜水桥Submersible bridge：仅存两座，分别位于Corinth Canal两端

倾斜桥Tilt bridge：英国盖斯黑德千禧桥(Gateshead Millennium Bridge)
参见博文《[组图] 伦敦千禧桥泰晤士河上的银带(16P)》

平转桥Swing bridge：澳大利亚达令港皮尔蒙特桥(Pyrmont Bridge)
参见博文《[趣闻] 情人港乘单轨的火车看旋转的桥(15P)》

运渡桥Transporter bridge：西班牙比斯开桥(Vizcaya Bridge)

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